Credit Card - Credit Cards
by Stephen S Alison
A credit card is a plastic payment card which
enables the cardholder to pay for goods and services and to obtain cash
advances up to a pre-arranged credit limit. The holder may settle the
outstanding balance in full or in part by the end of a specified period,
or ‘roll it over' to the next period, whereupon an interest payment is
due.
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Chances are you have received your share of
"pre-approved" credit card offers in the mail, some with low
introductory rates and other perks. Many of these solicitations urge you
to accept "before the offer expires." Before accepting, you
should shop around to
get the best deal.
A credit card is a great financial tool.
It can be more convenient to use and carry than cash and it offers you
valuable consumer protections under federal law.
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It is also a big responsibility and, if used carelessly,
you may end up owing more than you can repay, damaging your credit
rating and creating credit problems for yourself that can be difficult
to fix.
Applying For a Credit Card
If you're at least 18 years old and
have a regular source of income, you may qualify for a credit card.
However, even though you may receive many unsolicited invitations and
special offers from card companies in the mail, you still need to
demonstrate that you are a good risk before they will grant you credit.
The answer lies in your
credit report. If
you've previously financed a car loan or other purchase, you probably
have a record at a credit reporting bureau. This credit history shows
how responsible you've been in paying your bills and helps the credit
card issuer decide how much credit to extend. Before submitting a credit
application, you should get a copy of your credit report to make sure
it's accurate.
A credit card can provide many
advantages for the everyday person:
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Convenience
– In addition to enabling the purchase of items now, it also allows
you to carry less cash and to order out of catalogs. Additionally,
it is the only form of payment most online stores will accept;
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Emergency
Protection
– Credit
cards allow for emergency car repairs, health care or any number of
contingencies when access to savings or checking accounts is not
immediately possible; |
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Budgeting
– Buying on credit allows for predictable payments of large-ticket
items in installments you can afford. Credit Cards are also a good
way of keeping a detailed record of your spending; |
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Security
– Once cash is lost, it is gone. There is no way to get that money
back or to keep someone else from using it. If a credit card is lost
or stolen you can cancel the credit card. Additionally, a new card
can generally be sent to you within a matter of days; |
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Traveling
– No matter whether you’re traveling across town or across the
country, it is usually easier with a credit card. Most hotels and
rental car companies will not take a reservation without a credit
card; |
Getting the Best Credit Card Deal
Fees, charges and benefits vary among card
issuers. Also you'll probably want to consider if the
credit limit is high enough, how widely the card is accepted, and the
plan's services and features. When choosing a
card, shop around and compare these important features:
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Annual Percentage
Rate (APR) -
The APR is a
measure of the cost of credit and is expressed as a yearly interest
rate. Also it must be
disclosed, before you become obligated, on the account and on your
account statements. Some credit card plans allow the issuer to
change your APR when interest rates or other economic indicators -
called indexes - change.
Also, be sure to check out the "periodic rate," which
is the rate the issuer applies to your outstanding balance in
determining your finance charge for each billing period; |
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Grace Period -
A 'grace' period or 'free' period is the time between
the date of a purchase and the date when interest starts being
charged on that purchase. If your card has a standard grace period,
you have an opportunity to avoid finance charges by paying your
current balance in full. Some issuers allow a grace period for new
purchases, even if you do not pay your balance in full every month.
If there is no grace period, the issuer imposes a finance charge
from the date you use your card or from the date each transaction is
posted to your account.
If your card includes a free period,
the issuer must mail your bill at least 14 days before the due date
so you'll have enough time to pay; |
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Annual Fees -
Many issuers charge an annual fee for granting you
credit. Some issuers charge no annual fee;
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Transaction Fees &
Other Charges -
Some issuers
charge a fee if you use their card to obtain a cash advance, if you
fail to make a payment on time or if you exceed your credit limit.
Some may charge a flat fee every month whether you use the card or
not. In order to avoid surprises and excess costs, you should
identify and understand what all the additional fees are before
applying for a card; |
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Customer Service -
Many issuers have 24-hour, toll-free telephone
numbers where you can contact a person to discuss issues with your
account; |
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Other Credit Card
Benefits -
Issuers may offer
additional benefits, some with an associated cost, such as
insurance, card protection, discounts, rebates and special
merchandise offers. Look closely at all costs, benefits and rewards
to decide if these options would be beneficial to you.
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Credit Card Do’s & Don'ts
While a credit card makes it easy to buy something now
and pay for it later, you can easily lose track of how much you've spent
by the time the bill arrives if you're not careful. Here is a summary
list of do's and don'ts:
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Shop around for the plan that best fits
your needs; |
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Make sure you understand a plan's terms
before you accept the card; |
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Sign your card immediately on receipt
to prevent anyone else from using it; |
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Hold on to copies of sales slips to reconcile charges
when your bill arrives. Double check the
charges listed against your receipts. If you find a mistake or a
charge that you did not authorize, promptly report any questionable
charges in writing to your card company; |
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Don't lend
your card to anyone, even to a friend. Your credit privilege and
history are too precious to risk; |
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Keep your
account information to yourself. Never give out your card
number or expiration date over the phone unless you know who you're
dealing with; |
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Keep a record - in a safe place separate
from your cards - of your account numbers, expiration dates and the
phone numbers of each issuer to report a loss quickly; |
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Only carry the credit card you think you'll
need; |
About The Author -
Stephen S Alison is a retired "bean counter" who spent 26 years in
middle management positions for major US financial institutions in
Europe and a further 10 years as an adviser/consultant to a number of
European financial institutions. He owns and operates a number of "hand
built" niche websites including:
http://www.24carat-gold.com and
http://www.forex-arbitrage.com
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